Accounting Equation and Double-Entry Basics

Foundational accounting — Assets = Liabilities + Equity, debits/credits, and core statement links.

12 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    What is the fundamental accounting equation?
    Assets = Liabilities + Equity
    basics
  2. 02
    What does a debit do to an asset account?
    Increases it (assets have debit balances).
    debits-credits
  3. 03
    What does a credit do to a liability account?
    Increases it (liabilities have credit balances).
    debits-credits
  4. 04
    What does a credit do to revenue?
    Increases revenue (revenues have credit balances).
    debits-credits
  5. 05
    What does a debit do to an expense?
    Increases the expense (expenses have debit balances).
    debits-credits
  6. 06
    How does net income affect equity?
    Net income increases retained earnings (equity); net loss decreases it. Dividends also decrease retained earnings.
    equity
  7. 07
    What is double-entry bookkeeping?
    Every transaction records equal total debits and credits so the accounting equation stays in balance.
    basics
  8. 08
    What does the balance sheet report?
    Financial position at a point in time: assets, liabilities, and equity.
    statements
  9. 09
    What does the income statement report?
    Performance over a period: revenues, expenses, and net income/loss.
    statements
  10. 10
    Record: owner invests $10,000 cash in the business.
    Debit Cash $10,000; Credit Equity (Common Stock/Owner’s Capital) $10,000.
    examples
  11. 11
    Record: buy $2,000 of supplies on account.
    Debit Supplies $2,000; Credit Accounts Payable $2,000.
    examples
  12. 12
    What is accrual accounting’s revenue recognition idea?
    Recognize revenue when earned (performance obligation satisfied), not necessarily when cash is received.
    accrual