Bond Pricing, Yields, and Duration Basics

Fixed-income cards — price/yield inverse, YTM, coupon vs discount, and duration intuition.

12 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    What is the inverse relationship between bond prices and yields?
    When market yields rise, existing bond prices fall (and vice versa) to reprice cash flows.
    price-yield
  2. 02
    What is yield to maturity (YTM)?
    The single discount rate that equates a bond’s price to the PV of its promised coupons and principal.
    ytm
  3. 03
    When does a bond trade at a premium or discount?
    Premium: coupon rate > YTM. Discount: coupon rate < YTM. Par: coupon ≈ YTM.
    price
  4. 04
    What is duration (Macaulay/modified intuition)?
    A measure of interest-rate sensitivity / weighted average time to cash flows; higher duration → more price volatility for a yield change.
    duration
  5. 05
    How does maturity affect duration (coupon bond, ceteris paribus)?
    Longer maturity generally increases duration and rate sensitivity.
    duration
  6. 06
    How does coupon rate affect duration?
    Higher coupons → lower duration (more cash arrives earlier).
    duration
  7. 07
    What is convexity (exam sketch)?
    Curvature in the price–yield relationship; for a given duration, higher convexity is generally beneficial.
    convexity
  8. 08
    What is credit risk for a corporate bond?
    Risk that the issuer fails to pay coupons/principal as promised; reflected in credit spreads over Treasuries.
    credit
  9. 09
    What is a Treasury bond’s distinctive risk feature vs corporates?
    Considered free of credit default risk (still has interest-rate and inflation risk).
    credit
  10. 10
    Current yield formula?
    Annual coupon / current price (ignores capital gain/loss to maturity).
    yields
  11. 11
    Holding period return if yields fall after you buy a bond?
    Price rises → capital gain (plus coupons) — positive mark-to-market if sold.
    price-yield
  12. 12
    Zero-coupon bond duration relative to maturity?
    Macaulay duration equals maturity (all cash at the end).
    duration