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English Grammar: Parts of Speech and Sentence Basics

Core English grammar for learners and exam review — POS, subject/predicate, and common errors.

12 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    Name the eight traditional parts of speech.
    Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection.
    pos
  2. 02
    What is a subject and a predicate?
    Subject: who/what the sentence is about. Predicate: what is said about the subject (includes the verb).
    sentence
  3. 03
    Independent vs dependent clause?
    Independent can stand alone as a sentence; dependent cannot (starts with subordinating word).
    clauses
  4. 04
    What is a run-on sentence?
    Two independent clauses joined incorrectly without proper punctuation/conjunction.
    errors
  5. 05
    What is a sentence fragment?
    A group of words punctuated as a sentence but missing an independent clause (often only a dependent clause or phrase).
    errors
  6. 06
    Subject–verb agreement: “The list of items ___ on the desk.” (is/are)
    is — verb agrees with list (singular head), not items.
    agreement
  7. 07
    Who vs whom (simple test)?
    Who ≈ he/she (subject); whom ≈ him/her (object).
    pronouns
  8. 08
    Its vs it’s?
    Its = possessive. It’s = it is / it has.
    usage
  9. 09
    Affect vs effect (common usage)?
    Affect (verb) = influence; effect (noun) = result. (Exceptions exist but this is the exam default.)
    usage
  10. 10
    Active vs passive voice example?
    Active: The committee approved the plan. Passive: The plan was approved by the committee.
    voice
  11. 11
    What does a prepositional phrase do?
    Begins with a preposition and ends with its object; acts as adjective or adverb: on the table, after lunch.
    phrases
  12. 12
    Coordinating conjunctions mnemonic FANBOYS?
    For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So — join equals (words, phrases, independent clauses).
    conjunctions