Security Studies Exam Flashcards

International security exam cards — securitization, environmental security, and gender in conflict.

14 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    In what ways has the concept of environmental security been contested?
    Contested over: (1) whether environment is a “security” issue or a development/politics issue; (2) whose security (states vs people vs ecosystems); (3) whether securitizing the environment militarizes policy or productively raises urgency; (4) empirical claims linking scarcity to conflict.
    environmental-securitygsc-priority
  2. 02
    "Analysis of environmental security is understood as the integrity of the whole ecological system" — what approach does this reflect?
    An ecological / planetary approach that prioritizes ecosystem integrity, not only state survival or human resource access.
    environmental-securitygsc-priority
  3. 03
    When may an issue fail to become securitized?
    When a securitizing move is not accepted by a relevant audience — no extraordinary measures authorized; the issue remains in normal politics (Copenhagen School).
    securitizationgsc-priority
  4. 04
    In what ways does gender shape the conceptualization of nationhood and conflict?
    Gendered narratives cast the nation as family to be protected; masculinities valorize soldiering; women’s bodies become symbols of national honor; wartime roles and postwar citizenship are distributed along gendered lines; sexual violence can be used as a weapon of war.
    genderconflictgsc-priority
  5. 05
    What is securitization (Copenhagen School)?
    A speech-act process: framing an issue as an existential threat to a referent object, justifying extraordinary measures beyond normal politics, if the audience accepts the claim.
    securitization
  6. 06
    What is a “referent object” in security studies?
    The thing said to be existentially threatened and needing protection (state, society, identity, environment, individuals, etc.).
    theory
  7. 07
    What is human security?
    A people-centered security concept focused on freedom from fear and want (individuals/communities), not only territorial state security.
    human-security
  8. 08
    What is traditional (realist) national security focused on?
    State survival, military threats, territorial integrity, and the balance of power.
    realism
  9. 09
    What is a key risk of “securitizing” climate change?
    It may prioritize military/emergency responses, exclude democratic debate, and sideline justice/development approaches — even while raising political urgency.
    environmental-security
  10. 10
    What is the security dilemma?
    When one state’s defensive measures decrease others’ security, prompting countermeasures and spiral insecurity even without aggressive intent.
    realism
  11. 11
    What is collective security?
    An arrangement where states agree that aggression against one is aggression against all, and respond collectively (e.g., League/UN ideal).
    institutions
  12. 12
    What is the difference between peacekeeping and peace enforcement?
    Peacekeeping typically requires consent and uses limited force to monitor ceasefires; peace enforcement may use coercive force without full consent to impose peace.
    unconflict
  13. 13
    What does feminist security studies emphasize?
    How gender hierarchies shape war, peace, security institutions, and what counts as a “security” issue (including domestic violence, wartime rape, and economic insecurity).
    gender
  14. 14
    What is an existential threat in securitization theory?
    A threat portrayed as endangering the survival of the referent object — used to justify breaking normal political rules.
    securitization