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Thoracic Cage & Sternum — Gross Anatomy

High-yield gross anatomy of the thoracic cage, sternal landmarks and apertures — cloze-first, exam-ready.

7 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    The superior aperture of the thorax is bounded posteriorly by the first thoracic vertebra (T1).
    This aperture serves as the conduit for the trachea, esophagus, and major neurovascular structures.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  2. 02
    The inferior aperture of the thorax is closed by the diaphragm.
    The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  3. 03
    The adult sternum consists of three distinct parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
    These pieces fuse to form the flat bone in the midline of the anterior chest.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  4. 04
    The jugular notch is located in the middle of the upper border of the manubrium.
    It is also known as the suprasternal notch and is a palpable clinical landmark.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  5. 05
    The second costal cartilage articulates at the sternal angle (Angle of Louis).
    This is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  6. 06
    The sternal angle lies at the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.
    This landmark is used clinically to identify the second rib and count intercostal spaces.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy
  7. 07
    The xiphoid process gives attachment to the linea alba, the diaphragm, and abdominal muscles.
    It is the smallest part of the sternum and often remains cartilaginous until late in life.
    Flashify::Medical::Musculoskeletal::Anatomy