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World Religions Exam Flashcards

World religions exam cards with emphasis on Jainism, renunciation traditions, and core comparative concepts.

14 cards· by GuruOwl

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  1. 01
    Chandanbala and her 36,000 female renouncers were under whose tutelage? (Jainism)
    Mahavira (Vardhamana), the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism
    Jain sources describe large monastic communities of monks and nuns during Mahavira’s ministry; Chandanbala (Chandana) is a celebrated early nun.
    jainismmahaviragsc-priority
  2. 02
    Who is Mahavira in Jain tradition?
    The 24th Tirthankara (ford-maker), reformer/teacher of Jainism in the 6th–5th century BCE tradition.
    jainism
  3. 03
    What is a Tirthankara?
    In Jainism, a spiritual teacher who has conquered saṃsāra and teaches the path of liberation (“ford-maker” across the ocean of rebirth).
    jainism
  4. 04
    What are the three main jewels (ratnatraya) of Jainism?
    Right faith (samyak darshana), right knowledge (samyak jnana), and right conduct (samyak charitra).
    jainism
  5. 05
    What is ahimsa in Jainism?
    Non-violence toward all living beings — the central ethical vow shaping diet, occupation, and monastic practice.
    jainismethics
  6. 06
    What is the difference between Digambara and Svetambara Jainism?
    Major Jain sects: Digambara (“sky-clad”) monks traditionally renounce clothing; Svetambara (“white-clad”) monks wear white robes. They also differ on scriptures and whether women can achieve liberation directly.
    jainism
  7. 07
    What is karma in Jain philosophy (distinctive emphasis)?
    A subtle material that sticks to the soul through actions/passions; liberation requires shedding karmic matter through discipline and non-attachment.
    jainism
  8. 08
    What is moksha / nirvana in Jainism?
    Liberation of the pure soul from the cycle of rebirth after all karma is eliminated.
    jainism
  9. 09
    Who was the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)?
    Founder of Buddhism; a teacher in ancient India who taught the path to end suffering (dukkha) via the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.
    buddhism
  10. 10
    What are the Four Noble Truths?
    1) There is suffering (dukkha); 2) There is a cause (craving/attachment); 3) There is cessation (nirvana); 4) There is a path (Eightfold Path).
    buddhism
  11. 11
    What is the Five Pillars of Islam?
    Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
    islam
  12. 12
    What is the covenant in Judaism?
    The binding relationship between God and the people of Israel, expressed through law, promise, and mutual obligation (e.g., Abrahamic and Mosaic covenants).
    judaism
  13. 13
    What is the Christian doctrine of the Trinity?
    One God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — co-equal and co-eternal in mainstream Christian theology.
    christianity
  14. 14
    What is dharma in Hinduism?
    Duty, law, or right order — ethical and social obligations appropriate to one’s role, plus the cosmic order that upholds the universe.
    hinduism